Eleven Tribes of Davao City

Maranao

Maranao Man

       Maranao means "people of the lake" with Lanao as their homeland referred to as lake. Like other Muslim tribes, they are brave and historically offered sacrifice in defense of their homeland and Islam. They are rich in literature the most famous of which is the Darangen.

     The Maranao musical heritage revolves around the kulinlang, a specific type of gong which plays sounds peculiar to their culture.

      Maranaos are best known for sophistication in wood and metal crafts like the impressive torogan, a special house built for a Maranao maiden; design motifs called okil, examples of which are the Sarimanok and Naga which are creative renditions of a cock and its fish and a dragon or snake, respectively.

Maranao Women

      

The Maranao is also known for their exceptional textiles of ornate designs and colors reflective of the social status of the wearer. The Malong is a classic example.

       If there is one trait noticeable among the Maranao is their large involvement to market trade which makes a Maranao community widely visible in every city and town in the Philippines.

     The Maranaos are in the districts of Poblacion, Talomo, Bunawan, Buhangin, Toril, Tugbok, Calinan and Marilog Districts (Davao Delights Blog, 2015).

Sama

      Within the Sulu Sea basin alone, the majority of the coastal people belong to he Sama cultural community. The term "Sama" is a derivative of the word "Sama-sama" meaning togetherness.

Sama Family

       Sama may be described as a cohesive and peace-loving people.

      Each Sama sub-group is identified geographically according to the name of their coastal settlement. These include: Sama Simunul. Sama Balimbing, Sama Tawi-Tawi, Sama Sibutu and Sama Ubian. Each of them have varied ancestral backgrounds, outlooks in life, economic lifeways and types of social upbringing.

     The Sama Simunul claims to have descended from a mixture of Arab and native blood. They point to the color of their skin and physical traits as evidence of such descent.

Sama Tribe

    

         The Sama Tawi-Tawi are said to have come originally from Johore. Their ancestors are believed to have crossed the ocean through small outriggers. Their forefathers were powerful men, having the supernatural power to invite unseen spirits called Jin to do things for them.

     The Sama Sibutu claimed to have descended from another makmudin named Mukthar. The descending lineage of Tuan Mukthar considers this Sama group as belonging to the Datu class, Like the Sama Tawi-Tawi, the Sama Sibutu also possess the limuh (knowledge) of jinism or spiritism.

     The majority of Sama people in Davao City are in the coastal barangays from Bunawan to Toril. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Ata

Ata Family

     The Spaniards called the people living in the upland areas Atas, lumping many tribes together. These were the people they did not reach in their initial reduction efforts. Today, the term Ata applies to the relatively dark-skinned tribes found in Paquibato, Panabo, Carmen, Santo Tomas, Kapalong, and neighboring places.

     Some of them call themselves Ata Manobo particularly those in the Liboganon river basin, while those in Marilog up to parts of Bukidnon call themselves Matigsalug. Another group in the Kapalong area calls itself Talaingod. These Ata groups are one and the same.

Ata Chieftain

       In the past, they are noted to be highly nomadic and tended to live in single family units, with each house very far from the others. Considered the earliest inhabitants, they were pushed into the interior by new arrivals.

    Like the other Lumads, the Atas have been marginalized due to settler intrusion into their traditional areas. Most of the Atas abandoned their settlements when the Bisayans settled into their lands and/or bartered the lands for several cans of sardines or packets of tobacco.

       This type of "purchase" became the pattern in the transaction between the Lumads and the settlers, ultimately resulting in the dispossession of the Lumads.

     Today, the Ata people can be found in Paquibato District and in Callawa, Buhangin District. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Tagabawa

Tagabawa Elders

     The Tagabawas inhabit the areas from Toril in Davao City, Santa Cruz, Digos, and Bansalan in Davao del Sur, to parts of Makilala and Kidapawan in Cotabato. The Spaniards identified Sibulan in Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur as the "more important capital" of the Bagobos.

     At the Davao Poblacion site, Bagobo territory is bounded by the Davao River, beyond which live Giangans and Atas. The Spanish priests estimated Bagobo population at 12,000 in the 1880s. But it may be difficult to determine their exact number as many of them have been assimilated into the majority Bisayan culture.

     The name Bagobo used here is restricted to mean the Tagabawa, which means "from the south". It does not include the other tribes found in Davao City such as the Obo and the Giangan. At present, the name Bagobo is loosely used to include the tribes, sometimes to include the Matigsalugs in the Marilog area. 

Tagabawa Family

     However, the original Bagobo, as used by the Spaniards, refer only to the native inhabitants centered around Santa Cruz and nearby areas, that is, the Tagabawa,

      In 1888, Fr. Juan Doyle described the Bagobos as the most advanced and intelligent of all natives in the Philippines archipelago.

        Tagabawa people occupy the districts of Marilog, Baguio, Calinan, Tugbok and Toril, where majority of them dwell. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Matigsalug

  

Matigsalug Man

     The Matigsalugs are found in the eastern section of Marilog, Davao City, and in the towns of Kitaotao, Quezon, and San Fernando in Bukidnon. Matigsalug means people who live along the river, and this river is specifically Davao River which the Matigsalugs simply call Salog. Its source is in San Fernando, Bukidnon.

       It is not clear if the Matigsalugs paid tribute to the Kalagan Moros at the mouth of Davao River. But apparently the Kalagan Moros had control of territory up to Tamugan, or possibly beyond.

Matigsalug Women

    Despite the apparent subordination of the Matigsalugs by their neighbors, they were feared warriors. In san Fernando, Bukidnon, their chief leader was Datu Gapaw who fought off Moro (Magindanaw) invasions. The Matigsalugs allied with the Obus to effect a peace pact with the Magindanaws held in Kapuling, Kalagangan, San Fernando.

     Linguistically, the Matigsalugs are classified under the manobo, although racially, they would be darker than the Manobos. Lumads residing in Marilog District are of the Matigsalug Tribe. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Obu Manuvu

Obu Manuvu Family

    The Obus occupy Tambolong, Baguio District, and Marilog District on the Davao side, and Arakan, Antipas, Roxas, MAgpet, Kidapawan, Makilala on the Cotabato side. Stray froups can be found in Southern Cotabato.

   As the Obus lived in very remote areas, the Spaniards failed to identify them as a separate tribe and simply lumped them together with the Atas. Pastellas called Atas "the indigenous natives who generally lived about the western districts of Mt. Apo."

    An Obu epic tells of the adventures of Tuwaang, particularly his fight with the Moros. Tuwaang is actually claimed by many other tribes, as variants of the Tuwaang epic are also sang among the Ata Manobo tribe in Talaingod in Davao del Norte and the Matigsalogs in San Fernando, Bukidnon. But instead of Tuwaang, the name of their hero is Tulalang. A common theme of his adventures is his fight with the Ikogans (tailed men) who are associated with the Moros. 

Obu Manuvu Dance

     Based on oral tradition, we can say that the Obus would most likely come from Butuan area. They would most likely be related to the Manobos of Agusan. Indeed, Obus can be classified linguistically under the Manobo. Oral tradition and linguistic similarity tend to make the Obus, Kulaman Manobos, the Bagobos (Tagabawas), as well as the Dibabawons closely related peoples who belong to the bigger Manobo family.

     The Obus can be found in the districts of Marilog, Baguio, Calinan and Tugbok. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Clata

   

Clata Family

    The Clatas occupy a very small territory stretching from Catalunan to Calinan within Davao City. Their traditional population centers included Biao, Tagakpan, Dulian, Sirib, Gumalang, and Tamugan. They are also known as Giangan, with variants like Guangan, Gulangan, or Jangan, that means forest dweller.

  

     The boundary between Tagabawa and Clata was fixed at Lipadas River. Talomo River (ikawayanlinan) served as the boundary among the Tagabawas, Clatas and Obos. Davao River became the boundary between Bagobos and Clatas in the northeast part of Davao. Matina was apparently originally Clatas but they were pushed back by the Bagobos who controlled Toril.

Clata Instruments

    They were also known as Eto, Attaw, and Giangan. Despite the forest dweller appellation, the Clatas who were feared warriors, were also known for their fine artistry. 

    They wore the most beautiful and colorful clothes in the Gulf.

    The Bagobo origin myth of the first man and woman is of Giangan provenance. 

   Tuglay, the Bagobo first man is a Clata word for man and Tuglibong, the Bagobo first woman, is a Clata word for woman. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Kagan

Kangan Family

     The Kagans inhabit pocket settlements scattered around Davao Gulf. Like the Kulaman Manobos and Sangils, the Kagans did not and still do not occupy a contiguous territory that they can claim as their ancestral domain. Most of their settlements are found at the mouth of or along a river. Their more important centers were Padada, Sirawan, Davao (Bankerohan), Tagum (Bingcungan), Madaum, Iho, Matiao, Pantukan, and Sumlug (Lupon). 

     In 1885, Fr. More estimated their number at around 4,000. Despite this small population, the Kagans lorded over the entire Gulf by controlling the key river systems. Indeed Davao Gulf might be considered a Kagan lake. The Kagans were closely associated with the Magindanao sultanate, with many polities recognizing the Magindanao Sultan as their suzerain.But at the same time, the Kagans exercised a lot of independence.

     The most important unifying factor of the Kagans was Islam. By the 1700s, most of them had been converted to this new faith, possibly through the Magindanaons. Samal oral tradition suggests Sharif Kabungsuwan, or perhaps his descendants, also proselytized in Davao. The genealogies of the various Kagan polities indicate some limkage with minor Magindanaw royalty. 

Kangan Woman

    Kagan power lay in better weapons and a network of local alliances. Their weapons were obtained from the Magindanaons as well as from Dutch or English traders. The leaders of the important centers were linked by kinship ties. They formed a formidable council that decided on certain matters, demonstrating a unity that allowed them control over the interior tribes from whom they exacted tributes. 

  

     The Kagans are in the District of Poblacion, Talomo, Buhangin, Bunawan and Paquibato.

     In later Spanish documents, the Gulf Kagans would be identified by the Spaniards as the Davao Moros. Datu Bago of Davao River and Datu Pampang of Madaum were mentioned by the Spaniards in the early 1800s in connection with negotiations defining the boundaries of the Davao Moro realm and the Spaniards realm on the Pacific Coast. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Tausug

   

Tausug Family

 The present-day Tausug descended from the different ethnic groups that migrated to the Sulu Archipelago. Sulu sa/si/a (genealogy) and tradition speaks of Buranon, Tagimaha, Baklaya, Orang Dampuan, and Orang Banjar as the earlier migrants to the archipelago. 

    The word Tausug is in recognition of the geographic character of the Sulu Archipelago that lies in the path of vigorous tidal currents flowing from the Sulu and China Seas to the Celebes Sea. Practically all the groups in the Sultanate are sea-oriented: sailors, traders, fishermen, pearl divers, sea seed collectors, etc. Thus, Tausugs are "People of the Current". Also, they possess an unquestionable courage and bravery, therefore Tausug are Tau Maisug or "brave people".

Tausug Dance

    Men and women cut their hair and bound them with a black turban with a small piece of chintz tied around it. They were ruled by their chief and earned a livelihood from weaving cloth. Moreover, they were traders whose merchandise mostly consisted of products from the sea. 

    They were famous for their pearls which were white and round and had a luster that never faded. The large pearls measured about an inch in diameter. The Tausug had a pond where they kept large pearls and at night their luster lighted the surface of the water. The pearls were sold to the Chinese who came to trade regularly.

    The language spoken by the Tausug is primarily adopted from the vocabulary of the Tagimaha in whose locality the Sultan of Sulu lived and established the capital of the Sultanate-Buansa.

     The Tausugs are in the districts of Poblacion, Talomo, Agdao, Buhangin, Bunawan, Toril, Tugbok, Calinan and Baguio. (Davao Delights Blog, 2015)

Maguindanaon

    

Maguindanaon

 Maguindanaon means "people of the flood plain" for they mainly inhabit the broad Pulangi River valley and delta which occasionally flood.

      The Maguindanaon Tribe originally came from the former Cotabato Province now known as the Maguindanao Province.

    Historically, The Maguindanaons are the descendants of Shariff Kabunsuan and Putri Tonina who are both half blooded Arab and Malay, respectively, then Sultan Kudarat's descendant Datu Bago who migrated to Davao and fought hand in hand against the Spaniards, was married to a native of Davao wherein his descendants are now much known as the Kagan Tribe.

Maguindanaon Man

    

  The Maguindanaons are subdivided into two principal groups, each with its own dialect and traditional location: Tau-sa Ilud (people of the lower valley) and the Tau-sa Laya (people of the upper valley). The Tau-sa Ilud are concentrated in the areas around Cotabato City and extend to South Dinaig. They are primarily sedentary wet-rice agriculturists. Traditionally, they constituted the Sultanate of Maguindanao based near present day Cotabato City.

     The Tau-sa Laya are primarily concentrated in the areas of Datu Piang and extend south to the areas which include Buluan. They practice semi-sedentary agriculture and grow corn and upland rice. Traditionally, they constitute the Rajahship of Buayan based near present-day town of Datu Piang.

    Maguindanaons are scattered around the three district of Davao City and other nearby provinces like Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte and Davao Oriental.

Iranun

   

Iranun Princess

  The Iranun is an ethno-linguistic tribe in the southern Philippines. The Iranuns occupy a substantial portion of historic places in Mindanao, Sulu, Palawan, Sabah, and other parts of the Malay world.

   This group was termed by the Spanish authorities as Illano, Ilano, Ilana, Hilalones, Illanum, Illanun, or simply Moros and Mohametanas, being the defenders of the present day Illana Bay (Moro Gulf), and by US colonial writers in an over-simplistic manner as Moros, Mohamedans, marauders, pirates, raiders, slave traders, and "lords of the eastern seas."  

An Iranun Family

    

  Their population is estimated between 50,000 and 150,000 individuals. They continue to reside along the eastern shore of Ilana Bay, although some have also long inhabited the hill country lying between the coast and the southern edge of the Lanao Plateau. Since the middle of the century, intermarriages between the Iranun, Magindanaon, and Maranao have increased in frequency.

    In early times, the Iranuns living at the coast adopted a typical maritime lifestyle of seagoing invaders, which went on for at least 150 years prior to the inception of American colonial rule at the turn of the century. The Iranun raided throughout the islands of Southeast Asia, from the Celebes in the south to Luzon in the north and as far west as the Straits of Malacca. In search for slaves and plunder, they attacked merchant shipping and coastal settlements in the Philippines, the straits of Malacca and the islands beyond Sulawesi. (wikipilipinas, 2015)

(Source: Davao Delights Blog, http://davaodelights.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2014-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2015-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=26, March 23, 2015)

Davao’s Famous Symbols

Philippine Eagle. (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the Monkey-eating Eagle, is an eagle of the family Accipitridae that is endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest, and generally measures 86 to 102 centimetres (2.82 to 3.35 ft) in length and weighs 4.7 to 8 kilograms (10 to 18 lb). Among the rarest, largest, and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippine national bird. It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat due to deforestation in most of its range. Killing a Philippine Eagle is punishable under Philippine law by twelve years in jail and heavy fines.

Philippine National Eagle

The first European to discover the species in 1896 was the English explorer and naturalist John Whitehead, who observed the bird and whose servant, Juan, collected the first specimen a few weeks later. The skin of the bird was sent to William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in London in 1896, which initially showed it off in a local restaurant and described the species a few weeks later.

Upon its discovery, the Philippine Eagle was first called the monkey-eating eagle because of reports from natives of Bonga, Samar, where the species was first discovered, that it preyed exclusively on monkeys; from these reports it gained its generic name, from the Greek pithecus ("ape or monkey") and phagus ("eater of"). The specific name commemorates Jeffery Whitehead, the father of John Whitehead. Later studies revealed, however, that the alleged monkey-eating eagle also ate other animals such as colugo, civets, large snakes, monitor lizards, and even large birds like hornbills. This coupled with the fact that the same name applied to the African Crowned Eagle and the Central and South American Harpy Eagle, resulted in a presidential proclamation to change its name to Philippine Eagle in 1978, and in 1995 was declared a national emblem. This species has no recognized subspecies.

Apart from Philippine Eagle and Monkey-eating Eagle, it has also been called the Great Philippine Eagle. It has numerous local names, including agila ("eagle"), haribon, haring ibon ("bird king") and banog ("kite").

The Philippine Eagle is endemic to the Philippines and can be found on four major islands: eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. The largest number of eagles reside on Mindanao, with between 82 and 233 breeding pairs. Only six pairs are found on Samar, two on Leyte, and a few on Luzon. It can be found in Northern Sierra Madre National Park on Luzon and Mount Apo and Mount Kitanglad National Parks on Mindanao.

This eagle is found in dipterocarp and mid-montane forests, particularly in steep areas. Its elevation ranges from the lowlands to mountains of over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). It is estimated that only 9,220 square kilometers (2,280,000 acres) of old growth forest remains in the bird's range. However, its total estimated range is about 146,000 square kilometers (56,000 sq mi) (Wikipedia, 2014).

Durian. Is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family (although some taxonomists place Durio in a distinct family, Durionaceae).

Widely known and revered in Southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species.

The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour, strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as fragrant; others find the aroma overpowering and revolting. The smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described variously as tert-Butylthiol, almonds, rotten onions, turpentine and gym socks. The odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia. (Wikipedia, 2014)

Philippine Durian

The durian, native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, has been known to the Western world for about 600 years. The 19th-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace famously described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked.

There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.

Mount Apo. Is a large solfataric, potentially-active stratovolcano in the island of Mindanao, Philippines. With an altitude of 2,954 metres (9,692 ft), it is the highest mountain in the country and is located between Davao City and Davao del Sur province in Region XI and Cotabato province in Region XII. The peak overlooks Davao City 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northeast, Digos City 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the southeast, and Kidapawan City 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the west.

Apo, which means "ancestor", is flat-topped mountain with three peaks and is capped by a 500-metre-wide (1,600 ft) volcanic crater containing a small crater lake. The date of its most recent eruption is unknown, and none are verified in historical times.

The volcano is one of the most popular climbing destinations in the Philippines with the summit, on the average, takes two days to reach. The first recorded climb was on October 10, 1880, by a party led by Joaquin Rajal, then Spanish governor of Davao (Wikipedia, 2014).

Mount Apo Natural Park. On May 9, 1936, Mount Apo was declared a national park with Proclamation no. 59 by President Manuel L. Quezon, followed by Proclamation no. 35 of May 8, 1966 then Proclamation no. 882 of September 24, 1996. On February 3, 2004, the approval of Republic Act no. 9237 established Mount Apo as a protected area under the category of natural park with an area of 54,974.87 hectares (135,845.9 acres); with two peripheral areas of 2,571.73 hectares (6,354.9 acres) and 6,506.40 hectares (16,077.7 acres) as buffer zones, provided for its management and for other purposes.

Although a declared a Natural Park, the current climbing trails are littered with rubbish by irresponsible climbers, opening paths for soil erosion across the already denuded mountain sides. Some mountain and social climbing groups conduct climbs after the Holy Week/Easter, the peak climbing season, to clean the affected areas(Wikipedia, 2014).

UNESCO World Heritage list

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) submitted Mount Apo on December 12, 2009 for inclusion in the UNESCO world heritage list. The mountain is considered by DENR as the center of endemism in Mindanao. It has one of the highest land-based biological diversity in terms of flora and fauna per unit area. It has three distinct forest formations, from lowland tropical rainforest, to mid-mountain forests, and finally to high mountain forests.

A portion of the eastern slopes are also within the scope of the UNESCO Hydrology Environment Life and Policy (HELP) Network. The Davao HELP Network is focused on building collaboration among watershed stakeholders.

The mountain is home to over 272 bird species, 111 of which are endemic to the area. It is also home to one of the world's largest eagles, the critically endangered Philippine Eagle, which is the country’s national bird.(Wikipedia, 2014)

Mt. Apo

Mount Apo is an excellent source of geothermal energy. Located in Barangay Ilomavis, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato is the Mindanao Geothermal Production Field with a power output of 106 MW, currently the only power plant of its kind in Mindanao.

The Philippine National Oil Company geothermal plant supplies electricity to Kidapawan and its neighboring provinces, its completion boosted the city's economy.

Six indigenous peoples - Manobos, Bagobo, Ubos, Atas, K’Iagans and the Tagacaolo consider Mt. Apo as their ancestral domain and their home. These tribes have lived since time immemorial, around the mountain that they also consider as sacred ground, their place of worship and burial ground of Apo Sandawa, their great forefather. A number of genealogies of known Lumad leaders in South Central Mindanao trace their roots to Mt. Apo. For the Lumads, the term Apo was coined from the name of their great grandparent Apo Sandawa. Mt. Apo is the source of their continual supply of food and medicine, their spiritual and cultural way of life. (Wikipedia, 2014)

Euanthe sanderiana is a flower of the orchid family. It is commonly called Waling-waling in the Philippines and is also called Sander's Euanthe, after Henry Frederick Conrad Sander, a noted orchidologist. The orchid is considered to be the "Queen of Philippine flowers" and is worshiped as a diwata by the native Bagobo people.

Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach originally named Euanthe sanderiana as Vanda sanderiana.

It has two forms, pink and white, also referred to as alba. M. Roebelin discovered the original pink variety in the Philippines in 1881 or 1882. Rudolf Schlechter separated Euanthe from Vanda in 1914 due to structural differences in the flowers. For breeding purposes and registration by the Royal Horticultural Society, however, it is still treated as a Vanda.

Waling-waling Flower

Euanthe sanderiana is endemic to Mindanao in the provinces of Davao, Cotabato, and Zamboanga where it is found on the trunks of dipterocarp trees at elevations below 500 meters. Over-collected, the plant is considered rare in nature. It is often used in hybridization.

Studies have shown that when raised at high altitude, the plant bears flowers early.

In 2004, there had been a motion in the House of Representatives of the Philippines to declare the "Waling-waling" as the country's national flower, replacing the Sampaguita.

In 2013, a bill was passed by the Philippine Senate declaring the Waling-waling as a national flower alongside the Sampaguita. (Wikipedia, 2014)

Mangosteen

The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), the Queen of Philippine Fruits, colloquially known simply as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, and also in tropical South American countries such as Colombia, in the state of Kerala in India and in Puerto Rico, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m (19.7 to 82.0 ft) tall. The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe. In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp, i.e., the inner layer of the ovary.Seeds are almond-shaped and sized.

The purple mangosteen belongs to the same genus as the other, less widely known, mangosteens, such as the button mangosteen (G. prainiana) or the charichuelo (G. madruno).

A description of mangosteen was included in the Species Plantarum by Linnaeus in 1753 (Wikipedia, 2014).

Davao’s Tourists Destinations

       Davao City is a place where abundant natural scenery & rich culture meets bustling urban life. Davao boasts an all around experience for the traveler. With its islands to highlands attractions, golfing & nature- sports facilities, culinary delights, year- round colorful festivities, vibrant nightlife, a wide selection of shopping opportunities- from bargain shopping districts to upscale mall & a thriving business center, Davao offers everything for everyone.

Philippine Eagle Center

       The Center is home to 36 Philippine Eagles, 18 of which are captive-bred. It also houses 10 other species of birds, 4 species of mammals and 2 species of reptiles. The Philippine Eagle Center (PEC) is about an hour drive from the city and can be reached either by private or public transport. (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Malagos Garden Resort

       Malagos Garden Resort is one of the most frequented destinations in Davao City. Breathe in the cool mountain breeze and be one with nature at Malagos Garden Resort, a 12-hectare nature theme park in Davao. Malagos Garden Resort is about 27 kilometers, or 30 to 45 minutes drive from downtown city proper, and some 32 kilometers from the Davao International Airport (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Davao Crocodile Park

          The Davao Crocodile Park is a tourist destination in Davao that showcases a ‘state of the art’ crocodile farming system in the Philippines, equipped with modern facilities and equipment. Apart from crocodiles, other exotic animal species such as raptors, monkeys, bearcats, snakes, birds, and various reptiles can be found in the park. The park is located near the Riverfront Hotel at the Riverfront, Corporate City Diversion Highway, Ma-a, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Davao Zorb Park 

       Zorbing or Globe Riding is becoming one of the most popular outdoor activities in Davao City. It involves rolling down a gentle slope hill inside a huge inflatable and transparent globe or ball about 3 meters in diameter usually made of plastic in a safe and controlled environment lasting for a few seconds to a minute or so. Davao Zorb Park is located near the entrance of the Riverfront Corporate City, Diversion Road, Maa, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Davao Butterfly House

           Davao Butterfly House is a safe shelter and haven for butterflies, flowers, plants, and other exotic animals such as fishes, crickets, tarantulas and scorpions. It is one of the many butterfly conservation facilities in the Philippines. It is located not far from the Davao Crocodile Park complex, Riverwalk Grill, and Tribu K’Mindanawon cultural village along the Diversion Highway of Ma-a, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Eden Nature Park

          Eden Nature Park is a mountain resort and paradise located in Davao City. This place for rest and relaxation is 95% human-made, located 3000 ft above sea level of Davao City. To get there, it only takes one-and-a-half ride by plane down south from Manila, and a travel time of approximately one hour from the airport (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Jack’s Ridge

         Jack’s Ridge is one of the most popular recreational and dining destinations in Davao City. It sits on top of a high and very steep slope, overlooking the scenic expanse of Davao City and the Gulf of Davao. The place is located on a high mountain slope at Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

D’Japanese Tunnel

        Along the Diversion Road in Davao City, there is a Japanese tunnel that dates back during the World War II. The tunnel was carved out of the hilly section of Matina Balusong, west of the city by Davao Prisoners of War in 1942. The tunnel was used by the Japanese as a hide-out, and as a means of transporting their equipment and mobilizing their forces against the American liberating army (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Gap Farm

       GAP Farm is located in the hilly part of Green Valley, Diversion Road, Ma-a, Davao City, and is about 15 minute drive from downtown Davao (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Magsaysay Park

       Magsaysay Park in Davao City is a beautifully landscaped public park that sits on a huge sprawling expanse that faces the clear blue waters of Davao Gulf (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Lon Wa Buddhist Temple

        The Lon Wa Buddhist Temple also known as Long Hua Temple is the biggest Buddhist temple in Mindanao. The temple can be easily reached by taking a cab to Cabaguio Avenue – an extension of Leon Garcia Street (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

D’Leonor Inland Resort

        D’ Leonor Hotel Inland Resort, Adventure Park and Wavepool is a 26 hectares inland resort and adventure park located in Purok 5, Barangay Communal, Cabantian, Davao City, just a 15-30 minutes drive from downtown area or a 10-minutes ride from the Davao International Airport in Sasa (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

D’Bone Collector Museum

       D’ Bone Collector Museum is another pride and landmark of Davao City. This is the only Bone museum found in Mindanao. Among the attractions are the huge sperm whale, the jaws of sharks, the Cambodian python and over 200 well-preserved skeletons of various animal species from different environments such as the plains, shallow seas and reefs, tropical rainforests, lowlands, and arid regions, including the skeletal remains of two rare sperm whales (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Seagull Mountain Resort 

      Seagull Mountain Resort is one of the many popular destinations in Davao City. It is situated along the Bukidnon-Davao (BUDA) Road in Barangay Lorega, Marilog District, Davao City, and is nestled on a mountain about 4,200 feet above sea level (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Epol Waterfalls

        Epol Mountain Resort in Marilog District is a 100 kilometers from Davao proper and will take you almost 3 and half hour to travel. Epol falls was known as Green Valley waterfalls before. The trek is very easy, no sweat at all. There is entrance fee collected when you pass by at the first house going down the waterfalls. They used to collect fees to maintain the cleanliness of the falls (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Forest Hill Resort

    Forest Hill is a common venue for social gatherings like birthdays, reunions, and company field trips. It is a simple resort with a swimming pool surrounded by cottages. The resort is situated behind a small hill and guests can follow a trail that leads to the top. It is a 20-minute drive from downtown Davao, and it is located at Matina Balusong, Diversion Road Davao City. From downtown, take a taxi going to Forest Hill Resort (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Eagle Ridge Davao

       Surrounded by green lusheries and trees, any guest would be soothed and relaxed by the cool mountain breeze, relieving ones stress and tension. Situated in  km. 9, upper Ulas, Talomo, Davao City, is a perfecthideaway from city’s hustle and bustle (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Davao Chinatown

    Davao Chinatown, also known as Mindanao Chinatown, is the only Chinatown in Mindanao, Philippines. It is located in Davao City. At around 44 hectares, it is at the center of numerous business establishments, of which a great majority is owned by Chinese Filipinos (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Gumamela Caverock Farm Resort

       Gumamela Cave Rock Farm Resort is a two-hectare mountain farm resort situated in a secluded, peaceful and tranquil farm in Purok 3, Barangay Matina Biao, Tugbok District, 21 kilometers away from Davao City. The land where the resort is situated is part of the Tolosa Family Estate which was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Army during WWII (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Deca Wakeboard Park

       DECA Wake Park Davao is the mecca of wakeboarding and wakeskating in the south of Philippines. This cable park is equipped with a world class cable system, beginner friendly obstacles and eco-friendly atmosphere. Situated at Brgy. Tacunan, Mintal, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Museo Dabawenyo

       Museo Dabawenyo or the “Museum of the people of Davao” is one of the two known museums in Davao. The building of Museo Dabawenyo is formerly the court of First Instance. The City Government was restored and rehabilitated to house and showcase the rich history and diverse cultural heritage of the people of Davao. The Museum is located at Pichon Street, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Peoples Park Davao

      Formerly the famous PTA Grounds in Davao City, Philippines, this P72 M worth People’s Park opened on December 15, 2007 which features a mini-forest, interactive fountains, waterfalls and ponds, a kid’s toyland and large sculptures representing indigenous groups in Southern Mindanao and the Philippine eagle (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Davao River Water Rafting

        Wild Water Rafting is one of the widely popular eco-tourism and outdoor adventures in Davao City. The site for this extreme water sport is the Davao River. The 3 1/2 hour wild water rafting starts from Barrio Tamugan in Calinan, and then ends at the lowlands (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Villa de Mercedes

      Villa de Mercedes is a high-end resort subdivision in Catigan, Toril, Davao City. This residential resort subdivision in Davao offers beautiful and elegant house and lot packages for you to choose from (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

San Pedro Cathedral

     San Pedro Cathedral is not only the oldest church in Davao City, but also the city’s premier historical landmark. It was named after San Pedro (Saint Peter), the patron saint of Davao. The original structure was built in 1847 during the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors, led by Don Jose Oyanguren (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

City Hall of Davao

       The City Hall of Davao was originally built as a Municipal Hall in 1926. Back then. Davao was not yet declared as a city as was still a part of the larger Davao Province. In 1937, after a bill was sponsored by then Assemblyman Romualdo C. Quimpo to make Davao City as a chartered city (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Matina Town Square

         Davao’s premier food, entertainment, arts and cultural landmark. Situated at McArthur Highway, Matina, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Partoza Farms

         Partoza Durian Farms is Located at Barangay Biao Escuela in Tugbok District, Davao City, this Durian farm is being developed into a major agro-tourism destination in this part of Davao City. The farm not only has 500 Durian trees that yield premium quality fruits but also has all sorts of other fruits and herbs such as miracle berries, including livestock of goats, vermiculture, fish, native chicken, and horses (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Bankerohan Public Market

        Bankerohan Public Market is the Market of all Markets here in Davao. Complete, Fresh and less exp ensive, is what makes this public market the perfect place to buy your daily needs and also where tourists and visitors can buy their “pasalubong” (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Rizal Promenade

      Rizal Promenade is located along Rizal Street, in downtown Davao. It has at least 10 bars and it offers acoustic live bands, music and discos for their customers. (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Statue of David & Baywalk

    Davao Baywalk and Park, a.k.a. David’s Edge, Seawall, or Queensland Park is a beachfront park that commands a stunning view of the early sun rising in the morning amid the vastness of the Gulf of Davao. The Park is beautifully situated along the coastline of Times Beach in Matina Aplaya, a popular public beach near Ecoland, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Sul Orchids

       Sul Orchids is an orchid farm, there are no entrance fees, and you can get a free orchid farm tour if you wish. The orchids in this farm are for sale at affordable prices. Located at Brgy. Tugbok, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

The Peak

      The Peak is a new alfresco area in Gaisano Mall of Davao. A few restaurants are already open to suite everybody’s taste buds. The place is also perfect to catch a good view of Davao City in daytime and it is most certainly at its best during nighttime when Davao City lights up and the fountain area illuminates and changes into different colors (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Holy Infant Jesus of Prague Shrine

          Shrine Hills has a chapel, and is also a seminary and meditation center for Catholics in Davao. People go there to hear Holy Mass, to pray, meditate, and offer petitions, or simply have quality bonding moments with families, friends or colleagues. It is also a favorite playground for kids (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Abreeza Mall

        Abreeza Mall is a large shopping mall complex located at J.P. Laurel Avenue, Bajada in Davao City, Philippines. It is the first Ayala Shopping Center located in Mindanao (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Aldevinco Shopping Center

       In all the places to shop here in Davao City, there’s no place quite like Aldevinco. This is the place to visit for all ethnic handmade products. Access is easy because it’s located at the heart of the city along C.M. Recto Avenue (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

The View

     The View Davao is an exclusive venue for garden weddings, special occasions and corporate events in Davao City. Situated in Brgy. Magtuod, Davao City (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Magsaysay Fruit Vendors

     Outside the Magsaysay Park is the Magsaysay Fruit Vendors Association which consists of a long row of fruit stands that sell Durian and other fruits abundant in Davao Region (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

SM Lanang Dancing Fountain

      One nice thing to see when you visit Davao is   the 122 meter dancing fountain of SM Lanang, the longest of its kind in the Philippines.The fountain is located in the rear side of the mall where the nice restaurants are located (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Mintal Japanese Cemetery

        Among the historical tourist attractions in Davao City is the Japanese Cemetery in Brgy. Mintal. This cemetery was where the Japanese settlers during the early to mid 1900?s were buried. The site is the pilgrimage place for large groups of Japanese war veterans,widows and kins during the annual Reunion for Peace Program (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

San Antonio Horse Track

      The world-class San Antonio Parks horse oval race track was formally opened held inside the Nenita Farms in Marapangi, Toril (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Ponce Suites

        Ponce suites is a must-see spot at Davao city,Philippines, especially if you’re an art buff!  Sculptures and paintings surround the place, even the rooms are individually decored (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Tamayong Prayer Mountain

        Its impressive full name is the Covenant Mountain and Prayer Center, up in Tamayong, Mt. Apo, Calinan, less than an hour’s ride from downtown Davao. For the Reverend Apollo C. Quiboloy, Executive Pastor of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ the Name Above Every Name, it is a haven for peace and prayer, for contemplation and soul searching (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Tribu Kamindanawan

      Tribu Kamindanawan offers a very entertaining and informative cultural program. The evening show features native dances, musical and fire dances (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Pasalubong Center

     The Pasalubong Center is a one-stop-shop for proudly Davao-made quality products such as handicrafts, processed food, fashion accessories, souvenir and gift items, home decors, indigenous costumes and native accessories, fruits and flowers, etc., at very affordable rates using locally or internationally sourced materials as well as indigenous and recyclable materials. It is conveniently located along Palma Gil Street in downtown Davao City beside the People’s Park (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Yellow Gate Adventure Resort

      Yellow Gate Adventure Resort is a 28-hectare mountain resort, accessible on a 1-hour drive from Davao City and its independently owned by Babao Estate Development Corporation.  It’s closest place in Davao City for clienteles to unwind and relax (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).

Mt. Apo

    The magnificent Mount Apo is the “King of Philippine Peaks”, the country’s highest mountain peak with an elevation of 10,311 feet or 3,144 meters above sea level. It is also one of Southeast Asia’s highest mountains, and much sought after climbing destinations (http://www.wayph.com, 2015).